Dengan semakin banyaknya orang Amerika yang menggunakan ganja yang semakin kuat, panel penasihat federal menyerukan pendekatan kesehatan masyarakat yang sangat berbeda dari “Just Say No.”
Laporan hari Kamis mengusulkan strategi yang berfokus pada kesehatan dimana Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit mengambil peran lebih besar dalam kebijakan ganja dibandingkan sebelumnya.
“Kami ingin pemerintah federal mengambil langkah untuk memberikan kepemimpinan dalam bidang ini,” kata Dr. Steven Teutsch dari University of Southern California, yang mengetuai komite di belakang laporan National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. CDC dan Institut Kesehatan Nasional mensponsori laporan tersebut. Seorang juru bicara CDC mengatakan pada hari Kamis bahwa badan tersebut akan mempelajari rekomendasi tersebut dan bahwa diperlukan lebih banyak dana untuk melaksanakannya.
Diperkirakan 18 juta orang Amerika melaporkan menggunakan marijuana setiap hari atau hampir setiap hari, lebih banyak dari jumlah orang yang sering meminum alkohol.
Saat ini, 38 negara bagian dan District of Columbia mengizinkan penggunaan ganja untuk tujuan medis dan banyak dari negara bagian tersebut juga mengizinkan penggunaan ganja untuk rekreasi bagi orang dewasa, dengan pajak dan peraturan penjualan yang serupa dengan alkohol. Para pemilih di Florida akan memutuskan penggunaan rekreasi pada bulan November.
Ganja tetap ilegal menurut undang-undang federal, meskipun pemerintah mengambil langkah-langkah untuk mengklasifikasikan ulang ganja sebagai obat yang kurang berbahaya namun tetap ilegal.
Ganja semakin kuat, dengan meningkatnya kadar senyawa THC yang memabukkan. Dua puluh lima tahun lalu, bunga ganja mengandung sekitar 5% THC.
“Sekarang ketika Anda masuk ke toko, sulit untuk menemukan produk yang mengandung THC kurang dari 20%,” kata Beau Kilmer, salah satu direktur Pusat Penelitian Kebijakan Obat RAND dan anggota komite laporan.
Ganja dapat meredakan nyeri kronis, namun bukti mengenai manfaat kesehatan lainnya masih terbatas karena kurangnya penelitian. Risiko bagi pengguna berat termasuk kecelakaan mobil dan muntah berulang kali yang dapat membuat orang harus dibawa ke ruang gawat darurat.
Bagi remaja, ganja dapat mengganggu pembelajaran dan meningkatkan risiko gangguan mood dan kecemasan. Penggunaan rutin selama kehamilan dapat meningkatkan risiko pada bayi.
Kesehatan masyarakat “menjadi prioritas” ketika negara-negara bagian mengesahkan undang-undang ganja, kata Teutsch. “Kepentingan finansial memainkan peran penting dalam mempengaruhi kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut.”
Menurut laporan tersebut, lobi industri telah mencegah upaya di negara bagian Washington untuk membatasi konsentrasi THC dan upaya di Colorado untuk membatasi pestisida dalam budidaya ganja.
Aaron Smith dari Asosiasi Industri Ganja Nasional mengatakan negara-negara bagian telah melindungi kesehatan masyarakat dengan mengganti pasar kriminal dengan bisnis yang diatur “yang diharuskan untuk menguji produk untuk mengetahui adanya kontaminan, menerapkan kebenaran dalam pelabelan, dan yang paling penting, menjauhkan produk ganja dari tangan anak di bawah umur. ” Melegalkan ganja secara nasional akan meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat melalui peraturan federal, kata Smith.
Di antara rekomendasi laporan tersebut untuk CDC:
- Mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi kampanye kesehatan tentang ganja, khususnya untuk orang tua, remaja, wanita hamil, dan orang berusia 65 tahun ke atas.
- Pantau budidaya ganja, penjualan, penggunaan dan dampak kesehatannya.
- Ciptakan praktik terbaik untuk peraturan negara, termasuk cara membatasi akses kaum muda.
Untuk Kongres:
- Menutup celah yang memungkinkan produk-produk memabukkan yang berasal dari ganja dijual secara luas, bahkan di negara-negara di mana produk-produk ganja lainnya ilegal.
- Hapus pembatasan pada Kantor Kebijakan Pengawasan Narkoba Nasional yang mencegahnya mempelajari dampak legalisasi ganja.
Untuk negara bagian:
- Memerlukan pelatihan dan sertifikasi untuk staf ritel ganja.
- Secara otomatis menghapus atau menyegel catatan pelanggaran tingkat rendah terkait ganja di negara bagian yang telah mendekriminalisasi ganja.
- Mengadopsi dan menegakkan standar kualitas yang ditetapkan oleh US Pharmacopeia, sebuah kelompok independen yang menetapkan standar obat-obatan dan suplemen makanan.
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